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FastCGI |
An open extension to CGI that provides
higher performance by reusing processes
to handle multiple requests.
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File Extension |
The group of letters after a
period or "dot" in
a file name is called the file
extension. This extension refers
to the type of file it is, for
example, if the filename is
readme.txt, the extension txt
denotes this is a text file
and can be viewed using a text
editor such as Notepad or Simple
Text. Operating systems such
as MAC OS or Windows 95 will
refer to a file's extension
when choosing which application
to launch when a user clicks
on a particular file name.
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Firewall |
A device that protects a private
network from the public part,
or a computer set up to monitor
traffic between an Internet
site and the Internet. A firewall
is designed to increase a server's
security by keeping unauthorized
outsiders from tampering with
a computer system.
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FrontPage Compatibility |
Allows you to edit your site
using Microsoft FrontPage or
Visual InterDev. Also allows
you to make use of special built-
in features that use FrontPage
Extensions.
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FrontPage Extensions |
Server add-ons that allows you
to make use of pre-defined functions
such as a hit counter, Java
buttons and form validation.
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FTP - File Transfer Protocol |
Common procedure used for downloading
and uploading files over the
Internet. With FTP you can log
in to another Internet site
and transfer (send or receive)
files. Some sites have public
file archives that you can access
by using FTP with the account
name "anonymous" and
your e-mail address as the password.
This type of access is called
anonymous FTP. Macintosh users
use a program called Fetch;
one of the FTP programs for
Windows is called WS-FTP
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Gateway |
A computer system for exchanging
information across incompatible
networks that use different
protocols. For example, many
commercial services have e-mail
gateways for sending messages
to Internet addresses.
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GIF - Graphic Interchange Format
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A common format for image files,
especially suitable for images
containing large areas of the
same color.
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Gigabyte |
1000 or 1024 Megabytes
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Guest Book |
A simple guest book allows visitors
to leave their name and a brief
message from/on your site.
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GUI - Graphical User Interface
(goo-ey) |
This term refers to a software
front-end application meant
to provide an attractive and
easy-to-use interface between
a computer user and an application.
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HDML- Hand-Held Device Markup
Language |
The HTML for hand-held devices
like Palm Pilots and PDAs. A
simple language used to define
hypertext-like content and applications
for hand-held devices with small
displays. HDML is designed to
leverage the infrastructure
and protocols of the World Wide
Web while providing an efficient
markup language for wireless
and other handheld devices.
Congruent with the capabilities
and limitations of many handheld
devices, HDML's focus goes beyond
presentation and layout. HDML
provides an explicit navigation
model, which does not rely upon
the visual context, required
of HTML. As such, HDML offers
an efficient means of providing
content via the WWW infrastructure
to handheld devices such as
cellular phones, pagers, and
wireless PDA's.
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Hit |
1. A term used to describe the
accessing of a World Wide Web
page. When a user "points"
a browser to a Web site URL,
the moment that user requests
the HTML document is called
a "hit". Hits are
used to determine how popular
a Web site is and plays an important
role in assessing how much it
costs to advertise on a particular
Web page. Some Web site authors
and developers use counters
on their page to let people
know how many other users (hits)
have accessed that particular
page that they are on. There
has been great debate as to
the validity of the "number
of hits" pages or sites
are said to receive due in part
to Web servers that record hits
not only on accesses to HTML
pages but also the graphics,
which are embedded in them.
2. Prior to 1994, the access
of a Web file by a user on a
server. Every element of a requested
page (graphics, multimedia,
etc.), including the HTML file
itself, is counted as a hit.
For example, if a Web page contains
five graphics, then accessing
the page generates six hits.
Hits used to be a method of
determining the amount of traffic
a Web site received, but because
businesses needed to isolate
the exact number of times a
page was requested in order
to charge for advertising, this
method was tossed aside in lieu
counting the actual HTML page
requests.
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Host |
Any computer that can function
as the beginning and end point
of data transfers. An Internet
host has a unique Internet address
(IP address) and a unique domain
or host name.
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Hotlist |
A list of frequently accessed
World Wide Web sites. Usually
the names of the sites are coded
as hypertext, making them links.
In this case the user must simply
click on the name of the site
in order to go there. (Yahoo!
started as one major hotlist.)
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Hotmail |
Hotmail is a Web-based free
e-mail system which adheres
to the universal HTTP standard.
It is based on the premise that
e-mail access should be easy
and possible from any computer
connected to the World Wide
Web. Web-based e-mail programs
use a Web browser as an e-mail
program, providing a globally
retrievable form of e-mail.
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HTML - Hypertext Markup Language |
HTML is the lingua franca for
publishing hypertext on the
World Wide Web. It is a non-proprietary
format based upon SGML, and
can be created and processed
in a wide range of tools from
simple plain text editors to
sophisticated WYSIWYG (What
You See Is What You Get) authoring
tools. HTML uses tags like <h1>
and <h1> to structure
text into headings, paragraphs,
lists, hypertext links and more.
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HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
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The protocol that tells the
server what to send to the client,
so the client can view Web pages,
FTP sites, or other areas of
the net.
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HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Secure |
A type of server software that
provides the ability for secure
transactions to take place on
the World Wide Web. If a Web
site is running on a HTTPS server
you can type in HTTPS instead
of HTTP in the URL section of
your browser to enter into the
"secured mode". Windows
NT HTTPS and Netscape Commerce
server software support this
protocol.
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Hyperlink |
Web site text that can be clicked
on with a mouse, that in turn
will take you to another Web
page or a different area of
the same Web page. Hyperlinks
are created (coded) in HTML.
They are also used to load multimedia
files such as AVI movies and
AU sound files.
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Hypertext |
A system of writing and displaying
text that enables the text to
be linked in multiple ways,
to be available at several levels
of detail, and to contain links
to related documents. The term
was coined by Ted Nelson to
refer to a nonlinear system
of information browsing and
retrieval that contains associative
links to other related documents.
The World Wide Web uses hypertext
transfer protocol (HTTP) to
provide links to pages and multimedia
files.
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IIS - Internet Information Server
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Microsoft's Web server that
runs on Windows NT platforms.
IIS comes bundled with Windows
NT 4.0; Because IIS is tightly
integrated with the operating
system, it is relatively easy
to administer. Currently IIS
is available only for the Windows
NT platform, whereas Netscape's
Web servers run on all major
platforms, including Windows
NT, OS/2 and UNIX.
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Internet Backbone |
This fast network spanning the
world from one major metropolitan
area to another is provided
by a handful of national Internet
service providers (ISPs). These
companies and organizations
use connections running at approximately
45 MB per second (T3 lines)
linked up at specified interconnection
points called national access
points. Local ISPs connect to
this backbone through routers
so that data can be carried
though the backbone to its destination.
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Internet Protocol (IP) Address
or IP Number |
Sometimes called a dotted quad,
the IP address is a unique number
used to identify a machine on
the Internet. The number consists
of four numbers between 0 and
255 separated by dots (208.233.88.55).
Every machine on the Internet
must have it's own IP address.
Domains are tied to name servers,
which direct to which IP address
the domain should point.
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Internet Security |
Information traveling on the
Internet usually takes a circuitous
route through several intermediary
computers to reach any destination
computer. The actual route your
information takes to reach its
destination is not under your
control. As your information
travels on Internet computers,
any intermediary computer has
the potential to eavesdrop and
make copies. An intermediary
computer could even deceive
you and exchange information
with you by misrepresenting
itself as your intended destination.
These possibilities make the
transfer of confidential information
such as passwords or credit
card numbers susceptible to
abuse. This is where Internet
security comes in and why it
has become a rapidly growing
concern for all who use the
Internet.
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InterNIC - Internet Network Information
Center |
A repository of information
about the Internet. It is divided
into two parts: directory services,
which is run by AT&T in
New Jersey, and registration
services, which is run by Network
Solutions in Virginia. It is
funded partially by the National
Science Foundation and partially
by fees that are charged to
register Internet domains. This
is the place where you register
URLs or Domain Names like www.netlingo.com
and it basically involves a
fee and several forms (some
very technical), to set up.
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Intranet |
A private network inside a company
or organization that uses the
same kinds of software that
you would find on the public
Internet, but that is only for
internal use. As the Internet
has become more popular, many
of the tools used on the Internet
are being used in private networks,
often in the form of Web servers
that are available only to employees.
Note that an "Intranet"
may not actually be an Internet;
it may simply be a network.
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ISDN - Integrated Services Digital
Network |
ISDN is a set of communications
standards allowing a single
wire or optical fiber to carry
voice, digital network services
and video. ISDN is intended
to eventually replace the plain
old telephone system (POTS).
ISDN was first published as
one of the 1984 ITU-T Red Book
recommendations; the 1988 Blue
Book recommendations added many
new features. ISDN uses mostly
existing Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN) switches and
wiring, upgraded so that the
basic "call" is a
64 kilobits per second, all-digital
end-to-end channel. Packet and
frame modes are also provided
in some places.
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Key Words/Key Phrases |
Words or sets of words used
to improve ranking in search
engines when those words are
phrases are entered by a user.
For example, if a person does
a search for "pet supplies",
while a person who has the key
word "pet" in his
page, the page with the key
phrase "pet supplies"
will be ranked higher in the
search results.
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LAN - Local Area Network |
A network that connects computers
in a small, pre-determined area
(like a room, building or set
of buildings). LANs can also
be connected to each other via
telephone lines and radio waves.
Workstations and personal computers
in an office are commonly connected
to each other with a LAN. This
allows them to have send/receive
files and/or have access to
the files and data. Each computer
connected to a LAN is called
a node.
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Leased Line |
Refers to a phone line (connection)
that is rented for exclusive
24-hour/7-days-a-week use from
one computer or network to another,
or for constant access to the
Internet. Also called a dedicated
line.
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Link |
Text and/or an image area on
a Web page that a user can click
on to connect to or reference
another document. Commonly,
links connect two Web pages
or Web sites. They can also
reference a different part of
the same document, linking to
a file which will download to
your computer or triggering
the launching of an external
or helper application which
will then process the clicked-on
file.
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List Server - Adding Headers |
Capability of adding header
or trailer text to all messages
listed. The list owner can choose
to display text information
(entered in the Edit box) at
the beginning or end of every
message sent to the list. To
enter the header information,
the list owner selects the Enable
Header option, clicks Edit,
and then enters the text information.
This information is entered
in the header.txt file. To enter
the trailer info, the list owner
selects the Enable Trailer option,
clicks Edit, and then enters
the text information. This.information
is entered in the trailer.txt
file. For example, you can enter
the Subscribe/Unsubscribe information
for the list and have.it appear
at the beginning or end of every
message or digest that is sent
to the list.
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List Server - Digest |
List server mailing lists can
be posted as a digest. Messages
to a list server mailing list
can be accumulated and regularly
posted.as a digest. A digest
contains a group of messages
sent to the list. Lists that
receive a large volume of messages
can give subscribers the option
of periodically receiving a
digest rather than being interrupted
every few minutes with a new
message from a list.
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List Server - Public or Private
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List server mailing lists can
be public or private. A list
owner can select "Disallow
Subscriptions" which will
refuse a Subscribe request to
the list. The owner or administrator
must add new users either by
editing the Users file, or through
the Web Remote Administration
utility. Unsubscribe requests
are always honored.
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List Server - Subject Line |
Capability of adding a text
string to appear on the Subject
line. The list owner can choose
to display a text string (entered
in the Edit box) at the beginning
of the subject line of every
message sent to the list. For
example, if you enter [Software-Info]
as the defined text string,
the subject line of the messages
will appear as follows: Subject:
re: [Software-Info] What do
you think of private-labeled
software? The default string
is the name of the list server
mailing list.
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ListServer |
ListServer lets you set up automated
mailing lists on the server.
It comes with a control to add/edit/delete
users and to send new messages
to your user group (each message
has a limit of 1000 words).
This package allows for 300
mailing list subscribers per
list.
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Log File Access |
Raw log files are used to track
the hits to your website. You
can access them from your root
directory.
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Mail List |
A system that allows people
to send e-mail to one address,
whereupon their message is copied
and sent to all of the other
subscribers to the mail list.
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Mailbox |
The directory on a host computer
where your e-mail message are
stored. With some systems you
can choose between keeping saved
messages on the server or on
your local computer.
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Message Board |
An electronic message center
(also called a bulletin board);
part of the Bulletin Board System
(BBS). Message boards are accessed
by dialing in with a modem;
once there one may review messages
left by others or leave a message.
Bulletin boards are a particularly
good place to find free or inexpensive
software products. Most bulletin
boards serve specific interest
groups.
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Meta Tag |
An optional HTML tag that is
used to specify information
about a Web document. Some search
engines such as AltaVista use
"spiders" to index
Web pages. These spiders read
the information contained within
a page's META tag. So in theory,
an HTML or Web page author has
the ability to control how there
site is indexed by search engines
and how and when it will come
up on a user's search. The META
tag can also be used to specify
an HTTP or URL address for the
page to "jump" to
after a certain amount of time.
This is known as Client-Pull.
What this means, is a Web page
author can control the amount
of time a Web page is up on
the screen as well as where
the browser will go next. Here's
a look at the syntax for search
engine indexing: Here's a look
at the syntax for Client Pull:
this will "refresh"
or change to the URL specified
in 30 seconds.
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MIME - Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions |
A protocol for Internet e-mail
that enables the transmission
of nontextual data such as graphics,
audio, video and other binary
types of files. An e-mail program
such as Eudora is said to be
"MIME Compliant" if
it can both send and receive
files using the MIME standard.
When non-text files are sent
using the MIME standard they
are converted (encoded) into
text - although the resulting
text is not really readable.
Besides e-mail software, the
MIME standard is also universally
used by Web servers to identify
the files they are sending to
Web clients. In this way new
file formats can be accommodated
simply by updating the browsers'
list of pairs of MIME-types
and appropriate software for
handling each type.
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Mirror |
A server that provides copies
of the same files as another
server. Some servers are so
popular that other servers have
been set up to mirror them and
to spread the load on to more
than one site. Many international
sites have mirrors set up in
other countries to allow quicker
access for their international
users.
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Modem - Modulator, Demodulator
|
computers through the phone
system. Basically, modems do
for computers what a telephone
does for humans. Generally there
are 3 types of modems: external,
PC Card and internal.
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Mosaic |
Mosaic is the common name of
a World Wide Web multimedia
browser program developed at
the National Center for Supercomputing
Applications (NCSA) in Urbana-Champaign,
Ill. It was the first Web browser
that used the same interface
for Macintosh, Windows and UNIX,
and started the popularity of
the Web. The official, copyrighted
name of the program is NCSA
Mosaic. The source code for
Mosaic has been licensed by
several companies, most notably,
Netscape.
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MX Record - Mail Exchange Record
|
Mail Server records designate
the mailservers that will handle
mail for your domain. If you
have more than one mailserver,
MX records also specify the
order in which the mailservers
will be used as primary, backup,
etc.
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Navigate |
To move around on the World
Wide Web by following hypertext
paths from document to document
on different computers.
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Netiquette |
Contraction of Internet etiquette,
the etiquette guidelines for
posting messages to online services,
and particularly Internet newsgroups.
Netiquette covers not only rules
to maintain civility in discussions
(i.e., avoiding flames), but
also special guidelines unique
to the electronic nature of
forum messages. For example,
netiquette advises users to
use simple formats because complex
formatting may not appear correctly
for all readers. In most cases,
netiquette is enforced by fellow
users who will vociferously
object if you break a rule of
netiquette.
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Netscape Navigator |
A highly popular World Wide
Web browser. The program allows
for Gopher, FTP, and Telnet
access as well as e-mail and
newsgroup retrieval and management.
Many companies use Netscape
server software to create Web
pages and are therefore written
to be best displayed using Netscape
Navigator. The program is available
for all platforms and is especially
adept at displaying graphics.
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Network |
Two or more computers that are
connected. The most common types
of networks are: * LAN - Local
Area Network The computers are
near each other, in the same
office space, room or building.
* WAN - Wide Area Network The
computers are at different geographic
locations and are connected
by telephone lines or radio
waves.
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Newsgroup |
Same as forum, an on-line discussion
group. On the Internet, there
are literally thousands of newsgroups
covering every conceivable interest.
To view and post messages to
a newsgroup, you need a newsreader,
a program that runs on your
computer and connects you to
a news server on the Internet.
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NIC - Networked Information Center
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An office that handles information
for a network. The most famous
of these on the Internet is
the InterNIC, which is where
new domain names are registered.
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NOC- Network Operations Center
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Responsible for the day-to-day
operations of the Internet's
component networks
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NT |
A Windows NT (New Technologies)
computer or server
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OC - Optical Center |
Optical Carrier used to specify
the speed of fiber optic networks
conforming to the SONET standard
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OC-12 |
622.08 Mbps or 336 T-1's
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ODBC Connectivity |
A standard database access method
developed by Microsoft. The
goal of ODBC is to make it possible
to access any data from any
application, regardless of which
database management system (DBMS)
is handling the data. ODBC manages
this by inserting a middle layer,
called a database driver , between
an application and the DBMS.
The purpose of this layer is
to translate the application's
data queries into commands that
the DBMS understands. For this
to work, both the application
and the DBMS must be ODBC-compliant
-- that is, the application
must be capable of issuing ODBC
commands and the DBMS must be
capable of responding to them.
Since version 2.0, the standard
supports SAG SQL. Two types
of ODBC connections are as follows:
Jet Data Engine - This connection
allows ODBC-compliant databases
such as Microsoft Access, Foxpro,
D-Base and others. SQL Server
- This allows ODBC connection
via TCP/IP to a Microsoft SQL
server.
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OLE DB |
Abbreviation of Object Linking
and Embedding (pronounced as
separate letters or as "oh-leh").
OLE is a compound document standard
developed by Microsoft Corporation.
It enables you to create objects
with one application and then
link or embed them in a second
application. Embedded objects
retain their original format
and link to the application
that created them. Support for
OLE is built into the Windows
and Macintosh operating systems.
A competing compound document
standard developed jointly by
IBM, Apple Computer, and other
computer firms is called OpenDoc.
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Packet |
A unit of data sent across a
network. Packet is a generic
term used to describe a unit
of data at any layer of the
OSI protocol stack, but it is
most correctly used to describe
application layer data units
(application protocol data units,
APDUs).
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Packet Switching |
The method used to move data
around on the Internet. In packet
switching, all the data coming
out of a machine is broken up
into chunks; each chunk has
the address of where it came
from and where it is going.
This enables chunks of data
from many different sources
to co-mingle on the same lines,
and be sorted and directed to
different routes by special
machines along the way. This
way many people can use the
same lines at the same time.
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Parallel Port |
A parallel interface for connecting
an external device such as a
printer. Most personal computers
have both a parallel port and
at least one serial port. On
PCs, the parallel port uses
a 25-pin connector (type DB-25)
and is used to connect printers,
computers and other devices
that need relatively high bandwidth.
It is often called a Centronics
interface after the company
that designed the original standard
for parallel communication between
a computer and printer. (The
modern parallel interface is
based on a design by Epson.)
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Parking |
When two domains point to the
same IP Address
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Password |
A secret series of characters
that enables a user to access
a file, computer or program.
On multi-user systems, each
user must enter a password before
the computer will respond to
commands. The password helps
ensure that unauthorized users
do not access the computer.
In addition, data files and
programs may require a password.
Ideally, the password should
be something that nobody could
guess. Most people choose a
password that is easy to remember,
such as their name or their
initials. This is one reason
it is relatively easy to break
into most computer systems.
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PGP - Pretty Good Privacy |
A freeware program, developed
by Philip Zimmermann, that allows
a user to send e-mail messages
to anyone in the world, in complete
privacy. One can also send authentication
with your messages so that the
recipient can verify the source
of the message. You can encrypt
sensitive files on your computer
so that the files remain private
even if your computer and disks
are stolen.
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PHP |
PHP Hypertext Preprocessor is
a server-side, HTML-embedded
scripting language used to create
dynamic Web pages. In an HTML
document, PHP script (similar
syntax to that of Perl or C)
is enclosed within special PHP
tags. Because PHP is embedded
within tags, the author can
jump between HTML and PHP (similar
to ASP and Cold Fusion) instead
of having to rely on heavy amounts
of code to output HTML. Because
PHP is executed on the server,
the client cannot view the PHP
code. PHP can perform any task
any CGI program can, but its
strength lies in its compatibility
with many types of databases.
Also, PHP can talk across networks
using IMAP, SNMP, NNTP, POP3
or HTTP.
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PING - Packet Internet Groper
|
An Internet program used to
determine whether a specific
IP address is accessible. It
works by sending a packet to
the specified address and waiting
for a reply, then reporting
how many hops are required to
connect two Internet hosts.
PING is used primarily to troubleshoot
Internet connections. There
are many freeware and shareware
PING utilities available for
personal computers.
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Platform |
The type of computer or operating
system on which a software application
runs. For example, some common
platforms are PC, Macintosh,
Unix and NeXT. When someone
knows more than one of these
platforms or when a program
can be used on more than one
of these platforms, it is termed
cross-platform.
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POP - Post Office Protocol |
POP refers to the protocol used
by e-mail software, such as
Eudora or Outlook Express, to
retrieve electronic mail from
a mail server. The protocol
used by mail clients to retrieve
messages from a mail server.
This includes POP1, POP2, and
POP3, the number denoting the
different version number of
the protocol. POP3 is the most
common e-mail standard. POP
is the protocol used by mail
clients to retrieve messages
from a mail server.
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Port |
1. A place where information
goes into or out of a computer,
or both. For instance, the serial
port on a personal computer
is where a modem would be connected.
2. On the Internet, port often
refers to a number that is part
of a URL, appearing after a
colon (:) right after the domain
name. Every service on an Internet
server "listens" on
a particular port number on
that server. Most services have
standard port numbers; Web servers
normally listen on port 80.
Services can also listen on
non-standard ports, in which
case the port number must be
specified in a URL when accessing
the server, so you might see
a URL of the form: gopher://peg.cwis.uci.edu:7000/
which shows a gopher server
running on a non-standard port
(the standard gopher port is
70). 3. To port is to translate
a piece of software to bring
it from one type of computer
system to another, e.g. to translate
a Windows program so that is
will run on a Macintosh.
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PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol
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Communication protocol used
over serial lines to support
Internet connectivity.
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Protocol |
Protocol is a set of rules governing
behavior in certain situations.
Foreign diplomats learn local
protocol to ensure that they
behave correctly in another
country. The protocols ensure
that there are no communication
breakdowns or serious misunderstandings.
Computers need protocols, too,
to ensure that they can communicate
with each other correctly and
to ensure data is exchanged
correctly. The Internet is made
up of various protocols for
various functions.
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Query |
A question usually used in connection
with a search engine or database
to find a particular file, Web
site, record or set of records
in a database.
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RAID5 |
RAID is a way of storing the
same data in different places
by placing data on multiple
hard disks. By placing data
on multiple disks operations
can overlap in a balanced way,
improving performance.
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RAM - Random-Access Memory |
Hardware inside your computer
that retains memory on a short-term
basis. This information is stored
temporarily while you're working
on it. RAM comes in several
different forms:
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RealAudio |
RealNetworks' (formerly Progressive
Networks) RealAudio client-server
software system enables Internet
and online users equipped with
conventional multimedia personal
computers and voice-grade telephone
lines to browse, select and
play back audio or audio-based
multimedia content on demand,
in real time. This is a real
breakthrough compared to typical
download times encountered with
delivery of audio over conventional
online methods with which audio
is downloaded at a rate that
is five times longer than the
actual program.
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RealMedia |
A term encompassing RealNetworks'
RealAudio and RealVideo
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RealVideo |
A streaming technology developed
by RealNetworks (formerly Progressive
Networks) for transmitting live
video over the Internet. RealVideo
uses a variety of data compression
techniques and works with both
normal IP connections as well
as IP Multicast connections.
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Remember My Login |
If you select this option you
will not be prompted for your
username and password when entering
the site. This maynot be secure
if you are using a public or
shared computer. Your computer
must be set to accept cookies
to use this feature.
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Remote Terminal |
It is possible to log in to
a remote computer by using an
application program based on
TELNET - a terminal emulation
protocol made for this purpose.
The user can therefore enter
commands on a keyboard attached
to their local computer and
access files, etc., on a remote
computer that may be located
anywhere in the world.
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Router |
Hardware (or software) that
connects a local network to
the Internet. Routers look at
the destination addresses of
the packets passing through
them and decide which route
to send them on.
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Scalability |
How well a solution to a given
issue will work when the size
of the issue increases.
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Script |
Another term for macro or batch
file, a script is a list of
commands that can be executed
without user interaction. A
script language is a simple
programming language with which
you can write scripts.
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Search Engine |
A program which acts like a
card catalog for the Internet.
Search engines attempt to help
a user isolate desired information
or resources by searching for
keywords that the user specifies.
The method for finding this
information is usually done
by maintaining an index of Web
resources that can be queried
for the keywords or concepts
entered by the user. The index
can be built from specific resource
lists or created by Web wanderers,
robots, spiders, crawlers and
worms. From the Net surfer point
of view, search engines can
be quite tiresome and not very
fruitful if you don't know how
to use them correctly. Different
engines are good for different
kinds of searches, so to optimize
search results, read the search
engine's help section before
searching.
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Server |
A host computer on a network
that holds information (such
as Web sites) and responds to
requests for information from
it (links to another Web page).
The term server is also used
to refer to the software that
makes the act of serving information
possible. Commerce servers,
for example, use software to
run the main functions of an
e-commerce Web site, such as
product display, online ordering,
and inventory management. You'll
also hear this described as
"shopping cart technology".
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Server has no DNS Entry |
This can mean that the URL you
have is an incorrect address.
Netscape finds Web pages by
querying a Domain Name Server
(DNS) computer and asking the
computer for the numerical address
of the name address in the link.
If it does not get a reply,
it's because the DNS computer
has no record of the name.
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Shopping Cart |
A shopping cart is a piece of
software that acts as an online
store's catalog and ordering
process. Typically, a shopping
cart is the interface between
a company's Web site and its
deeper infrastructure, allowing
consumers to select merchandise;
review what they have selected;
make necessary modifications
or additions; and purchase the
merchandise.
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SLIP - Serial Line Internet Protocol
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Communication protocol used
over serial lines to support
Internet connectivity.
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SLIP/PPP |
To connect to the Internet via
Serial Line Internet Protocol
(SLIP) or Point-to-Point Protocol
(PPP), you need to have TCP/IP
software on your computer. When
connected by SLIP/PPP, your
computer actually becomes another
node on the Internet. You can
then run popular client software
directly. This has an advantage
over a shell account where you
will have to double download
in order to transfer a file
by FTP because the data first
goes to network and then to
a local machine
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SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
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The standard Internet protocol
for transferring electronic
mail messages
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Solution |
The word tagged onto computer
terms when it is meant to imply
that the product or software
is meeting the needs and addressing
the "problems" that
have been associated with a
particular type of computer
software package or application.
Usually these needs are in abundance
and encompass a variety of tasks.
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Spam |
To send identical and irrelevant
postings to many different newsgroups
or mailing lists. Usually this
posting is something that has
nothing to do with the particular
topic of a newsgroup or of no
real interest to the person
on the mailing list. The name
comes from a Monty Python song
and is considered to be a serious
violation of netiquette.
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SQL - Structured Query Language
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The standardized query language
for requesting information from
a database. The original version
called SEQUEL (structured English
query language) was designed
by an IBM research center in
1974 and 1975. Oracle Corporation
first introduced SQL as a commercial
database system in 1979.
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SQL Server |
A Relational Data Base Management
System (RDBMS) from Sybase Corporation.
SQL Server was designed for
client/server use and is accessed
by applications using SQL. It
runs on OS/2, Windows NT, NetWare
servers, VAXen, and UNIX workstations.
Generically, any database management
system (DBMS) that can respond
to queries from client machines
formatted in the SQL language.
When capitalized, the term generally
refers to either of two database
management products from Sybase
and Microsoft. Both companies
offer client-server DBMS products
called SQL Server.
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SRAM - Static Random-Access Memory
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SRAM is used for caching because
it is a lot faster. This chip
holds its contents without refreshing
from the CPU.
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SSI - Server Side Include |
A type of HTML comment that
directs the Web server to dynamically
generate data for the Web page
whenever it is requested.
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SSL - Secured Sockets Layer |
A protocol that delivers server
authentication, data encryption
and message integrity. SSL is
layered beneath application
protocols such as HTTP, SMTP,
Telnet, FTP, Gopher and NNTP,
and layered above the connection
protocol TCP/IP. This strategy
allows SSL to operate independently
of the Internet application
protocols. With SSL implemented
on both the client and server,
your Internet communications
are transmitted in encrypted
form. Information you send can
be trusted to arrive privately
and unaltered to the server
you specify and no other.
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Static IP |
An IP address which is the same
every time you log on to the
Internet. See IP address for
more information.
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Streamworks |
The StreamWorks Player brings
the power of networked audio
and video to the desktop. You
can play "live" and
"on-demand" audio
and video from StreamWorks Servers
across the globe. The StreamWorks
Transmitter allows for LIVE
network encoding of digital
audio and video over today's
networks. Taking inputs from
analog audio and video connections,
like the ones on the back of
a VCR, StreamWorks Transmitter
is capable of enabling live,
real-time MPEG audio and video
over industry standard TCP/IP
networks.
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T-1 |
A leased line connection capable
of carrying data at 1,544,000
bits-per-second. At maximum
theoretical capacity, a T-1
line could move a megabyte in
less than 10 seconds. That is
still not fast enough for full-screen,
full-motion video, for which
you need at least 10,000,000
bits-per-second. T-1 is the
fastest speed commonly used
to connect networks to the Internet.
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T-3 |
A leased line connection capable
of carrying data at 44,736,000
bits-per-second. This is more
than enough to do full-screen,
full-motion video.
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Tag |
A tag is used to describe a
type of command or instruction
usually in regards to HTML or
Web page code. HTML tags look
like this: , , or , always with
a pair of brackets (<>)
surrounding the specific instruction.
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TCP/IP - Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol |
This set of protocols makes
TELNET, FTP, e-mail, and other
services possible among computers
that don't belong to the same
network.
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Telnet |
An Internet program for connecting
to a remote host or server.
The Telnet interface is text-based
and a user usually has to enter
their login name and password
before gaining access to the
system. Some of the things that
can be done with Telnet access
include checking e-mail, downloading
programs and chatting with other
Telnet users. It is one of the
oldest Internet activities and
is primarily used to access
online databases or to read
articles stored on university
servers. It is also possible
to Telnet via your Web browser
by changing the http:// to telnet://
and entering in the site's address.
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Terminal |
A device that allows you to
send commands to a computer
somewhere else. At a minimum,
this usually means a keyboard
and a display screen and some
simple circuitry. Usually you
will use terminal software in
a personal computer - the software
pretends to be ("emulates")
a physical terminal and allows
you to type commands to a computer
somewhere else.
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Terminal Server |
A special-purpose computer with
places to plug in many modems
on one side and with a connection
to a LAN or host machine on
the other side. The terminal
server answers calls and passes
the connections on to the appropriate
node. Most terminal servers
can provide PPP or SLIP services
if connected to the Internet.
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UNIX |
An operating system, invented
in 1969 at AT&T Bell Laboratories,
that was made available to researchers
and students in 1973. It was
used to develop the Internet's
communication software protocols.
An interactive time-sharing
system invented in 1969 by Ken
Thompson after Bell Labs left
the Multics project, originally
so he could play games on his
scavenged PDP-7. Dennis Ritchie,
the inventor of C, is considered
a co-author of the system. The
turning point in UNIX's history
came when it was reimplemented
almost entirely in C during
1972--1974, making it the first
source-portable operating system.
UNIX subsequently underwent
mutations and expansions at
the hands of many different
people, resulting in a uniquely
flexible and developer-friendly
environment. By 1991, UNIX had
become the most widely used
multi-user general-purpose operating
system in the world.
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URL - Uniform Resource Locator
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Describes the location and access
method of a resource on the
Internet All Web sites have
URLs. One could say a URL is
to a web site as a telephone
number is to a telephone or
a street address is to a house.
Although Web site URLs are sometimes
long and hard to read, many
browsers have a bookmark feature,
which allows you to save the
location (URL) of Web sites
you want to return to. The URL
"http://www.yourdomain.com"
describes the type of access
method being used (http) and
the server location which hosts
the Web site (www.yourdomain.com).
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Vacation Message |
A message automatically sent
as a reply to any message received
in a specified mailbox, in this
case to inform the original
sender that the recipient is
away and will not be able to
respond. Also known as an autoresponder.
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Virtual |
Simulation of the real thing.
Means "almost" or
"in effect only".
You will see this term appear
before various computer terms
to indicate simulation technology
that enables you to cross boundaries
and experience something without
requiring its physical presence.
The Internet is also seen as
a "virtual" world.
s
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WAN - Wide Area Network |
A network that connects computers
over a large geographic area
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Web Hosting |
Web hosting allows your Web
site to be connected to the
Internet at high speed via a
Web server so its information
can be viewed globally through
a browser. Metaphorically speaking,
renting space on a server is
comparable to renting an apartment.
For a monthly fee, you reside
in that apartment and all maintenance
is the responsibility of the
property. You also have access
to certain amenities that would
otherwise be a costly investment.
A Web hosting company houses
your Web site on its own secure
servers, enabling you to affordably
leverage the power of a high-speed
network, 24/7 expert monitoring
and support, and state-of-the-art
technology.
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WebTrends |
WebTrends offers Web tracking
services, such as financial,
traffic, and more. With WebTrends
reporting you can really see
who is hitting your site, and
which pages are the most popular.
WebTrends contains graphical
and table based reporting, so
that you can find vital information
about how your website is being
viewed.
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Whois |
A means of looking up names
in a remote database. Used initially
as an aid for finding e-mail
addresses for people at large
institutions or companies.
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Wideband |
A medium-capacity communications
circuit/path. It usually implies
a speed from 64Kbps to 1.544Mbps.
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Windows NT |
Windows NT is a 32-bit operating
system that supports preemptive
multitasking. There are two
versions of Windows NT: Windows
NT Server is designed to act
as a server in networks, and
Windows NT Workstation is for
stand-alone or client workstations
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WWW - World Wide Web |
A system of Internet servers
that support specially formatted
documents. The documents are
formatted in a language called
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
that supports links to other
documents, as well as graphics,
audio, and video files. This
means you can jump from one
document to another simply by
clicking on hot spots. Not all
Internet servers are part of
the World Wide Web.
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XML |
Short for extensible markup
language, a specification developed
by the . XML is a pared-down
version of SGML, designed especially
for Web documents. It allows
designers to create their own
customized tag, enabling the
definition, transmission, validation
and interpretation of data between
applications and between organizations.
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Yahoo! |
A World Wide Web subject tree
created by David Filo and Jerry
Yang of the Department of Computer
Science at Stanford University.
With a keen eye for the popular
as well as the useful, Filo
and Yang have created a directory
of Web resources that performs
a reported 10 million searches
across the World Wide Web a
week.
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ZV Port |
Short for zoomed video port,
a port that enables data to
be transferred directly from
a PC Card to a VGA controller.
The port is actually a connection
to a zoomed video bus. This
new bus was designed by the
PCMCIA to enable notebook computers
to connect to real-time multimedia
devices such as video cameras.
The first notebook computers
with the ZV port arrived in
late 1996.
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